Constraining cometary ejection models from meteor storm observations

Modelling and observations of the Leonids have shown that maxima in the meteor storm activity can be identified as due to particles released from the comet during certain perihelion passages. If the particles originating from a certain perihelion passage can be identified, the next obvious question to ask is what information can be gained about the ejection process of particles from a cometary nucleus. We have developed a method to calculate the set of all possible dust trajectories that reach the Earth at some given time. The method involves numerical integration of a few dust particles only and is applied to the Leonid activity in the year 2000. We show that particles of different sizes entering the Earth's atmosphere at the same time were released from the comet at different heliocentric distances. Therefore one has to make assumptions about the activity of the comet with heliocentric distance in order to derive the cometary mass distribution from an observed meteor mass distribution. However, we outline how lower limits on the ejection velocity of the observed particles can be derived

Is Information Systems a Science?

Some researchers have compared the information systems discipline with the physical and biological sciences, which suggests that information systems sits in the same academic space as the physical and natural sciences. Indeed, the language and perceptions expressed in journals such as the Transactions for Replication Research, which refer to “scientific consensus” and the involvement of information systems researchers in “the quest for scientific advancement”, supports this suggestion. In this paper, I argue that the view that information systems is a science in which general laws can be developed by applying statistical surveys and running laboratory experiments has negatively affected the development of the discipline. I argue that the discipline’s nature is such that one cannot pitch it as a science. After briefly discussing the motivation and philosophy that might underlie the perception of information systems as a science, I offer an alternative view of information systems as a deep, complex, and multi-layered discipline in the humanities. I propose dance studies as an appropriate discipline to twin with information systems

Business Intelligence in Magazine Distribution

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.This case discusses the use of business intelligence systems in the running and optimisation of magazine distribution by a UK company. The company collects a wide range of data to help it monitor and optimise a supply chain involving subcontractors. The case study raises a number of issues which are discussed. It illustrates the variety of forces which are driving companies to adopt business intelligence systems. It demonstrates how business intelligence systems can help run business processes. It explores the problems and issues with sourcing, collecting and cleaning data. Issues around anonymisation and the concept of a ‘single version of the truth’ are discussed and ethical issues highlighted. It concludes that an understanding of the role of interpretation in data collection, collation and subsequent decision making is critical to business intelligence and calls for more research in this area

The Ethics of Driverless Cars

This paper critiques the idea of full autonomy, as illustrated by Oxford University’s Robotcar. A fully autonomous driverless car relies on no external inputs, including GPS and solely learns from its environment using learning algorithms. These cars decide when they drive, learn from human drivers and bid for insurance in real time. Full autonomy is pitched as a good end in itself, fixing human inadequacies and creating safety and certainty by the elimination of human involvement. Using the ACTIVE ethics framework, an ethical response to the fully autonomous driverless cars is developed by addressing autonomy, community, transparency, identity, value and empathy. I suggest that the pursuit of full autonomy does not recognise the essential importance of interdependencies between humans and machines. The removal of human involvement should require the driverless car to be more connected with its environment, drawing all the information it can from infrastructure, internet and other road users. This requires a systemic view, which addresses systems and relationships, which recognises the place of driverless cars in a connected system, which is open to the study of complex relationships, both networked and hierarchical

INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND THE NATURAL SELECTION OF BAD SCIENCE (28)

Recent studies of information systems suggest a coalescing around a limited set of methods and subject areas, particularly led by a dominance of technology adoption studies and research methods that orbit around the technology adoption model (TAM). This is interpreted as evidence of a maturing of a discipline and the development of scientific foundations. I would suggest that far from this being the case, the dominance of particular method and topics is resulting in a disciplinary stagnation and the fuelling of an increasing irrelevance of information systems studies to both practice and research innovation. Having illustrated this with reference to two recent information systems trends studies, and briefly critiqued the dominant information systems paradigm, I draw on a recent study of the evolution of behavioural sciences using computer models. I suggest that the development of information systems is an example of bad science, constrained by social and economic forces. I offer some suggestions on how different environmental forces could be applied to reinvigorate information systems. However, I conclude by suggesting that regardless of changing evolutionary forces, there is a deeper underlying philosophical concern which is catalysing the malaise of information systems

Power and the Purpose of Information Systems: Lessons from Lost Civilisations

This paper argues that a prime focus of information systems should be on power and politics and that this remains a neglected field of study. Using examples from four historical civilisations, two Sumerian city states, the Hittite empire and the Inca empire, the role of information systems in maintaining power structures is illustrated and it is argued that this is their primary purpose, an argument which is pursued with reference to the theory of public choice. The paper concludes by illustrating the power motives in the development of social computing and calling for the application of political theory to information systems studies

The Purpose of an Information System: Reflections on a Customer Relationship Management System Case Study

The paper critiques a case study of the use of a customer relationship management system in a telecommunication company. Based on published quotations from the field study, some core concepts concerning the behaviour of information systems in organisations are developed. Discussion of the CRM implementation leads to the proposal of a definition of an information system as: An information system mediates a relationship towards an agreed outcome or purpose; To do this objects-of-interest are manipulated through processes, Conforming to a negotiated interpretation of the real world. Analysis of the case study leads to the identification of 38 concepts and the definition of a set of core concepts: purpose, objectification, legitimisation, selection-exclusion, primacy of the model and behaviour change. The gap between the information systems model and the realty of the organisation is discussed

Is Information Systems a Science? Rejoinder to Five Commentaries

This paper concludes the debate on the nature of the information systems discipline and its academic practice. I initiated the debate in a paper which I questioned the view of information systems as a scientific discipline. Ten information systems academics responded to this initial paper over five separate papers. In this final rejoinder, I critique and respond to those five papers

Racism: from the labour movement to the far-right

his report is a reflection on a recent conference, ‘Racism: From the Labour Movement to the Far-Right’, which was held at the University of Glasgow from Friday 5th to Saturday 6th September 2014. The authors discuss the main themes that the conference sought to address, consider the key highlights of the event including a summary of the opening address by Floya Anthias, and offer some suggestions as to how the initiative may be taken forward